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39. How can a Shiro vulnerability be exploited if the target cannot initiate outbound connections?

Out‑of‑Band Exploitation

  1. Identify the web root directory and write a file.
  2. Construct an echo payload.
  3. Deploy a memory‑resident shell (in‑memory webshell).
  4. Use time‑based delays to deduce the web path, then write a webshell.